10/30/07 - Sudan survivors answer your questions

The BBC's Amber Henshaw has been in a camp for displaced people in north Darfur, where she put your questions to some of its residents. Four-and-a-half years of fighting between Sudan's government, pro-government Arab militias and rebel groups in the western Sudanese region of Darfur has driven more than 2m people from their homes. The government denies links to the Janjaweed militia, which is accused of trying to "cleanse" black Africans from lar(...read more...)

8/1/07 - UN Security Council Resolution 1769 on Darfur Hybrid Force

UN Security Council Resolution 1769 July 31, 2007 and statements The Security Council, Recalling all its previous resolutions and presidential statements concerning the situation in Sudan, Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity of Sudan, and to the cause of peace, and expressing its determination to work with the Government of Sudan, in full respect of its sovereignty, to assist in ta(...read more...)

4/18/07 - Sudan's children at a crossroads: An urgent need for protection

Source: Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict SUMMARY The protection and well-being of children and youth in Sudan are at a crucial juncture. While children in the South are enjoying increased protection and access to services, those in Darfur and other areas of Sudan are enduring unspeakable acts of violence and abuse. Humanitarian agencies in Darfur operate in an extremely volatile environment that poses significant operational challenges and(...read more...)

3/11/07 - UN_HRC Report

A ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/4/80 7 March 2007 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Fourth session Item 2 of the provisional agenda IMPLEMENTATION OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 60/251 OF 15 MARCH 2006 ENTITLED Ôø‡HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCILÔø‡ Report of the High-Level Mission on the situation of human rights in Darfur pursuant to Human Rights Council decision S-4/101 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Mandated by Human R(...read more...)

3/9/07 - Six Months Since 1706: The International Failure to Protect Darfur

Source: Africa Action, 9 March 2007 Six months ago, at the end of August 2006, the United Nations (UN) Security Council passed a critical resolution, authorizing a robust UN peacekeeping force for Darfur, western Sudan. This act was the result of years of advocacy and international political wrangling, against the backdrop of escalating violence in Darfur. The resolution expressed the will and intent of the international community to send a 22,000-stron(...read more...)

2/28/07 - The ICC "Application" Concerning International Crimes in Darfur

By Eric Reeves, 28 February 2007 As the Darfur genocide enters its fifth year, and two years after UN Security Council Resolution 1593 (March 2005) referred violations of international law in Darfur to the International Criminal Court (ICC), the ICC has finally identified two of(...read more...)

2/16/07 - Is Khartoum Interested in Darfur Peace Talks? The Case of Suleiman Jamous

The regime's genocidaires are using UN personnel to imprison a man critical to success during the impending rebel commanders' conference. By Eric Reeves February 15, 2007 Although the name "Suleiman Jamous" is hardly familiar, even within the world of Darfur advocacy, he is one of the true heroes to emerge from the desperate conflict of the past four years. Jamous, chief humanitarian coordinator for the rebel movements(...read more...)

1/26/07 - Understanding Genocide in Darfur: The View from Khartoum

Source: Eric Reeves, 26 January 2007 January 26, 2007 - In understanding why Khartoum remains resolutely opposed to significant numbers of UN peace support personnel in Darfur, it is first of all critical to make sense of just what the National Islamic Front regime sees as it surveys the international scene. What is there, we must ask, that convin(...read more...)

10/19/06 - Janjaweed defector confesses SudanÔø‡s atrocities in Darfur

Source: The Times, 19 October 2007 By Martin Fletcher LONDON--Outside the back window Bakerloo Line trains rattle past. Downstairs someone makes tea. But in the upstairs living room of a nondescript house off Lambeth Road in South London a slight, softly spoken young man tells a story of atrocities in a far-off land that is anything but mundane. Dily, a Sudanese Janjaweed speaking to BBC Newsnight programme on Wed 17 Oct 2006 (...read more...)

10/16/06 - Minority Rights, Early Warning and Conflict Prevention: Lessons from Darfur

Source: Minority Rights Group International, 16 October 2006 By Sharath Srinivasan In May 2006, the government of Sudan and one faction of the rebel Sudan Liberation Army/Movement (SLA) signed the Darfur Peace Agreement. This was two years after United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Kofi Annan, marking the tenth anniversary of the Rwandan genocide on 7 April 2004, stated that reports from Sudan filled him with foreboding that a (...read more...)

10/9/06 - Darfur: a humanitarian crisis for the West, a power play for Sudan

Source: The Associated Press Published: October 9, 2006 KHARTOUM, Sudan Sudan's president is fighting hard to keep U.N. peacekeepers out of Darfur by accusing western "crusaders" of trying to take over the country. But what he really fears may be more basic: Losing control over a key political stronghold in the troubled region. That determination to keep tight control of Darfur and prevent any loosening of his regime's grip on the large, sprawl(...read more...)

10/9/06 - Sudan crisis - current situation and Oxfam's response

Sudan crisis - current situation and Oxfam's response The current situation Ôø‡ October 2006 It is now three years since the escalation of the conflict in Darfur into a major humanitarian crisis. Today the situation is as desperate as ever. The sheer scale of the crisis is incredible: - 2 million people Ôø‡ nearly one in three people in Darfur Ôø‡ have had to flee their homes and are sheltering in camps for Internally Displaced People (IDPs) - A f(...read more...)

10/4/06 - Sudan: Crying out for safety

Source: Amnesty International USA, 4 October 2006 1. Introduction The people of Darfur are crying out for security. Thousands of civilians have been killed, tortured and raped, and hundreds of thousands have been forcibly displaced since 2003. Even as the government of Sudan resists the deployment of international peacekeepers in Darfur, it has launched a new military offensive in the region. Civilians are being killed in aerial bombardments and ground(...read more...)

9/27/06 - A UN Strengthened by and Strengthening Democracy

A UN Strengthened by and Strengthening Democracy Wednesday, 27 September 2006, 9:16 am Speech: US State Department A UN Strengthened by and Strengthening Democracy Mark P. Lagon, Deputy Assistant Secretary, International Organization Affairs Remarks to the New America Foundation Washington, DC September 25, 2006 Good afternoon. I am pleased to be here with you today. I would like to thank the New America Foundation for hosting this occasi(...read more...)

6/28/06 - Chad/Sudan: Sowing the seeds of Darfur

Source: Amnesty International, 28 June 2006 Ethnic targeting in Chad by Janjawid militias from Sudan A new human rights tragedy is unfolding today in the eastern part of Chad. It is a direct product of the long-running crisis in SudanÔø‡s neighbouring Darfur region, where the Janjawid, funded by the Sudanese government, have been attacking and systematically displacing those ethnic groups associated with Sudanese armed(...read more...)

6/23/06 - Abuja Agreement and new Security constraints in Darfur

By: Suliman A Giddo Co Founder & President Darfur Peace and Development Org. www.dpado.org June 21, 2006 Since the signing of Darfur partial peace Agreement on May 5th, 2006, expectations are that the war affected population of Sudan will return to carry on their lives. In Darfur, before rehabilitation and repatriation can occur, there are critical issues that must be resolved. The most imperative of these is security. Security must be addresse(...read more...)

6/8/06 - Declaration of Commitment to the Darfur Peace Agreement

DECLARATION OF COMMITMENT TO THE DARFUR PEACE AGREEMENT HAVING PARTICIPATED in the negotiations which led to the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) signed by the Government of the Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (Minni Minawi), on 5th May 2006 and/or in our capacity as field commanders and responsible officers of the Darfur Movements; RECOGNISING the commitments of our Movements under the following Agreements which form an integral part (...read more...)

5/13/06 - QUANTIFYING GENOCIDE IN DARFUR

By Eric Reeves May 13, 2006 Part 1 of this morality assessment (April 28, 2006), surveying all relevant extant data, concludes that since the outbreak of major conflict in Darfur (February 2003), over 450,000 people have died from violence, disease, and malnutrition (see http://www.sudanreeves.org/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=102). Moreover, despite the(...read more...)

4/30/06 - Quantifying Genocide in Darfur (Part 1)

QUANTIFYING GENOCIDE IN DARFUR: April 28, 2006 (Part 1) Current data for total mortality from violence, malnutrition, and disease By Eric Reeves April 28, 2006 Ôø‡ Currently extant data, in aggregate, strongly suggest that total excess mortality in Darfur, over the course of more than three years of deadly conflict, now significantly exceeds 450,000. As Rwanda marks a grim twelfth anniversary, we must accept that while vast human destruction in Darfu(...read more...)

4/27/06 - DARFUR PEACE AGREEMENT

Full Text Document PREAMBLE WHEREAS the Government of Sudan (Ôø‡GOSÔø‡), the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (Ôø‡JEMÔø‡) (hereinafter referred to as Ôø‡the PartiesÔø‡), having met in Abuja, Nigeria as part of our longstanding efforts to find a lasting solution to the conflict in Darfur; MINDFUL of our previous Agreements on this subject; CONDEMNING all acts of violence against civ(...read more...)

4/6/06 - Khartoum Sharply Accelerates Its War on Humanitarian Aid in Darfur

By Eric Reeves April 6, 2006 Jan Egeland, the UN's chief humanitarian official, was this week brazenly and contemptuously denied access to Darfur by leaders of Khartoum's National Islamic Front ("National Congress Party"). Not only was Egeland refused entry to South Darfur and West Darfur, but he was informed through the NIF's (...read more...)

3/30/06 - President George Bush : said that 'genocide has to be stopped'

By Eric Reeves In remarks that do far more to highlight US impotence and lack of resolve, President Bush went on to declare that, "'this is serious business. This is not playing a diplomatic holding game.... When we say genocide, that means genocide has to be stopped'" (Deutsche Presse-Agentur, South African Press Agency [dateline: Washington, DC], March 29, 2006). Perhaps President Bush has forgotten that his administration made a formal genocide de(...read more...)

3/22/06 - The World's Shame for Doing Too Little in Darfur

By Gene Sperling BLOOMBERG-- How will today's leaders explain their inaction in the face of what New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof dubbed, the ``slow-motion genocide'' in the Darfur region of Western Sudan? For three years we have known that the govern(...read more...)

3/17/06 - To Save Darfur

To Save Darfur Africa Report NÔø‡105 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS The international strategy for dealing with the Darfur crisis primarily through the small (7,000 troops) African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) is at a dead end. AMIS credibility is at an all-time low, with the ceasefire it could never monitor properly in tatters. In the face of this, the international community is backing away from meaningful action. The African Union (AU) yi(...read more...)

3/13/06 - What is Genocide?

The crime of genocide is defined in international law in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. "Article II: In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the (...read more...)

3/13/06 - Eight Stages of Genocide

Eight Stages of Genocide By Gregory H. Stanton (Originally written in 1996 at the Department of State; presented at the Yale University Center for International and Area Studies in 1998) Genocide is a process that develops in eight stages that are predictable but not inexorable. At each stage, preventive measures can stop it. The later stages must be preceded by the earlier stages, though earlier stages continue to operate throughout the process. (...read more...)

3/12/06 - Geneva Genocide Convention

The Geneva Conventions War is an ugly business. For about 10,000 years, that remained the case. Then the Geneva Conventions came along in 1948, and the nations of the world joined hands to transform war from an ugly business into an ugly-business-described-by-solemn-buzzwords-and-unenforceable-guidelines, which allowed countries taking part in war to disavow the ugliness of the business without actually having to conduct the business in any meaningful(...read more...)

3/8/06 - Darfur faces "perfect storm" of human destruction

As Rainy Season Nears, Darfur Faces "Perfect Storm" of Human Destruction; Collapsing security, funding shortfalls, humanitarian evacuations, growing violence in Chad, looming war in Eastern Sudan---and political dithering by international community By Eric Reeves March 7, 2006 Ôø‡ The Economist (UK) began a recent news analysis with an appropriately blunt question: "The mayhem in Darfur, in western Sudan, where some 400,000 people may have been ki(...read more...)

1/21/06 - Genocide in Slow Motion

By Nicholas D. Kristof, The New York Review of Books Volume 53, Number 2 Ôø‡ February 9, 2006 Darfur: A Short History of a Long War by Julie Flint and Alex de Waal London: Zed Books, 176 pp., Ôø‡12.00 (to be published in the US in March) Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide by GÔø‡rard Prunier Cornell University Press, 212 pp., $24.00 1. During the Holocaust, the world looked the other way. Allied leaders turned down repeated pleas to(...read more...)

1/20/06 - THE SUDANESE HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY

TO ESTABLISH A NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC RULE CONTENTS Editorial: Investments and The Right to Development Secretary-GeneralÔø‡s Report: A Year Since Inauguration SHRO-Cairo Observations on the Transitional Constitution The Situation of Human Rights SHRO Groups Inside: The Curriculum in Transition Call to Put to Trial Murderers of the Ramadan Martyrs (1990) Editorial Investments and the Right to Development Mahgoub El-Tigani One path remains(...read more...)

8/21/05 - How oil drives the genocide in Darfur

By David Morse Aug 18, 2005 Ôø‡ A war of the future is being waged right now in the sprawling desert region of northeastern Africa known as Sudan. The weapons themselves are not futuristic. None of the ray-guns, force-fields, or robotic storm troopers that are the stuff of science fiction; nor, for that matter, the satellite-guided Predator drones or other high-tech weapon systems at the cutting edge of todayÔø‡s arsenal. No, this war is being fought w(...read more...)

7/25/05 - Darfur - A matter of life or death

- Source: Irish Health - Ireland - By Niall Hunter-Editor - "We did have some cases where people died. To this day I have a very clear memory of a four-year old boy who was brought into our outpatient clinic late in the afternoon and one of our nurses said come right away; she looked worried in a way she normally didn’Äôt. In the clinic there was a boy sitting on his mother’Äôs knee breathing very, very fast. He was still awake and he was starting to(...read more...)

6/28/05 - The forgotten nomads of Darfur

EL FASHER, 28 July (IRIN) - On the planning maps of some humanitarian agencies in Sudan, the remote region around Kabkabiya town in western Sudan's North Darfur State is marked "empty". Around Kabkabiya, the ruins of destroyed villages lie scattered. They appear deserted, but a closer look reveals that several small, nomadic communities of Arab origin still eke out a living in the region. The majority consider themselves members of the Riziegat ethni(...read more...)

6/25/05 - "In Darfur , rape is systematically used as a weapon of warfare"

"In Darfur , rape is systematically used as a weapon of warfare," Jan Egeland, UN Under-secretary for Humanitarian Affairs, June 21, 2005 - By Eric Reeves - June 25, 2005 -- Egeland's recourse to the present tense in describing the use of rape as an ongoing weapon of war in Darfur is entirely appropriate. The Janjaweed militia forces allied with the Khartoum regime are continuing a brutal campaign of systematic sexual violence directed against the wo(...read more...)

3/20/05 - In Darfur, my camera was not nearly enough

By Brian Steidle, The Washington Post Mar 20, 2005 -- Our helicopter touched down in a cloud of camel-brown sand, dust and plastic debris. As the cloud gradually settled into new layers on the bone-dry desert landscape, we could make out the faces of terrified villagers. "Welcome to Sudan," I murmured to myself, grabbing my pen and waterproof notebook. A former Marine, I had arrived in Sudan's Darfur region in September 2004 as one of three U.S. mili(...read more...)

10/13/06 - Killings of civilians by militia in Buram locality, South Darfur

Source: United Nations Posted:6 October 2006 Issued by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in cooperation with the United Nations Mission in the Sudan. Contents I. INTRODUCTION 1. From 28 August (...read more...)

6/1/06 - SECURITY COUNCIL ENDORSES AFRICAN UNION DECISION ON NEED FOR CONCRETE STEPS IN TRANSITION TO UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN DARFUR

Security Council 5439th Meeting (AM) SECURITY COUNCIL ENDORSES AFRICAN UNION DECISION ON NEED FOR CONCRETE STEPS IN TRANSITION TO UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN DARFUR Adopted Unanimously, Resolution 1679 (2006) Also Calls For Dispatch of Joint Technical Assessment Mission to Troubled Region Endorsing yesterdayÔø‡s decision of the African Union Peace and Security Council on the need for concrete steps to effect the transition in Darfur from (...read more...)

5/25/06 - International NGOs Call For Strong Force In Darfur

Joint Letter to the U.N. Security Council May 25, 2006 Your Excellency: On April 28, 2006, the United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 1674 on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. Resolution 1674 reaffirms the international responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. For civilians around the world, resolution 1674 has the potential to be one of the most si(...read more...)

3/21/06 - Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (other language versions) Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948 On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the full text of which appears in the following pages. Following this historic act the Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicize the text of the Declarati(...read more...)

3/21/06 - UN Statute of the International Court of Justice

CHAPTER XIV THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Article 92 The International Court of Justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter. Article 93 All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Statute of the International (...read more...)

3/21/06 - Chapter VII , Action with respect to threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace , and acts of agression

CHAPTER VII ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, AND ACTS OF AGGRESSION Article 39 The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security. Article 40 In order to prevent an aggravation of (...read more...)

1/31/06 - UN report on human rights situation in Sudan

UN report on human rights situation in Sudan Jan 30, 2006 (KHARTOUM) Ôø‡ Attached the second periodic report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation in Sudan. This report makes five key recommendations, listed below, to assist Sudan in meeting its international and domestic human rights obligations. To effectively implement these recommendations it will be necessary for Sudan to set concrete tasks and (...read more...)

1/1/06 - Darfur (Sudan/Chad)- Region in Crisis

Source: UNICEF A little girl at the Ottash IDP Camp, South Darfur DARFUR, January 2006 - An estimated 3.4 million persons, equivalent to almost 51% of the total pre-conflict population in the region, have been affected by the crisis in Darfur, and that number is expected to increase as one of the worldÔø‡s most severe humanitarian crises continues to deteri(...read more...)

7/29/05 - Rape, sexual violence continue in Sudan's Darfur region, UN reports

Armed elements in Sudan’Äôs strife-torn Darfur region, including law enforcement officers and the military, continue to perpetrate rape and sexual violence, with the authorities seemingly unable or unwilling to hold them accountable, according to a new United Nations report released today. ’ÄúMany women do not report incidents out of fear of reprisals and are discouraged from reporting given the lack of redress for sexual violence,’Äù says the report, a(...read more...)

7/1/05 - Genocide prevention and the UN: The potential of the Special Advisor to the Secretary-General

Human Rights Tribune des droits humains Volume 11, N ÿ¢ÿõ 2 By: Erik Friberg At [UN] Headquarters there was not sufficient focus or institutional resources for early warning and risk analysis.ˆ¢’Ǩ - Independent Inquiry into the action of the UN during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.[1] The UN is currently not organized in such that the substantial and substantive information gathered through the various mechanisms(...read more...)

3/31/05 - Human Rights Tribune des droits humains

Volume 11, N ?? 2 Genocide prevention and the UN: The potential of the Special Advisor to the Secretary-General By: Erik Friberg ’ÄúAt [UN] Headquarters there was not sufficient focus or institutional resources for early warning and risk analysis.Ôø‡ - Independent Inquiry into the action of the UN during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.[1] Introduction The UN is currently not organized in such that the substantial and substantive informatio(...read more...)

3/31/05 - UN Security Council: ADOPTING RESOLUTION 1593

Security Council 5158th Meeting (Night) Resolution 1593 (2005) Adopted by Vote of 11 in Favour To None Against, with 4 Abstentions (Algeria, Brazil, China, United States) Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Security Council decided this evening to refer the situation prevailing in Darfur since 1 July 2002 to the Prosec(...read more...)

3/29/05 - UN Security Council: Resolution 1591

Adopted by the Security Council at its 5153rd meeting, on 29 March 2005 The Security Council, its resolutions 1547 (2004) of 11 June 2004, 1556 (2004) of 30 July 2004, 1564 (2004) of 18 September 2004, 1574 (2004) of 19 November 2004, 1585 (2005) of 10 March 2005, 1588 (2005) of 17 March 2005, and 1590 of 24 March 2005, and statements of its President concerning Sudan, its commitmen(...read more...)

3/16/05 - United States Assistance for Sudanese Refugees in Chad

Press Statement Adam Ereli, Deputy Spokesman Washington, DC The United States is pleased to announce a contribution of $17.85 million to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to continue to provide assistance and protection for over 200,000 Sudanese who have sought refuge in Chad as a result of the continuing conflict and deprivation in Darfur. The United States has provided nearly $100 million towards appeals from UNHCR, the Wor(...read more...)

2/16/05 - Global Rights Host Discussion on the Continuing Crisis in Darfur: The United Nations Response

Source: Global Rights, 16 February 2005 A distinguished panel of experts gathered at Global Rights' Washington, DC headquarters to address an audience of more than 100 guests on the subject of the United Nations' response to the ongoing crisis in Darfur, Sudan. Moderated by Global Rights' Board Chair Jim Fitzpatrick, the speakers - Kelly Askin, Senior Legal Officer of the International Justice Program at the Open Society Institute; Salih Booker, Ex(...read more...)

9/18/04 - UN Security Council: Resolution 1564

By 11 votes to none, with 4 abstentions (Algeria, China, Pakistan, Russian Federation) on 18 September 2004 The Security Council, Recalling its resolution 1556 (2004) of 30 July 2004, the statement of its President of 25 May 2004 (S/PRST/2004/18), its resolution 1547 (2004) of 11 June 2004 and resolution 1502 (2003) of 26 August 2003, and taking into account the Plan of Action agreed by the Secretary-GeneralÔø‡s Special Representative to Sudan and the (...read more...)

8/30/04 - Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraphs 6and 13 to 16 of Security Council resolution 1556 (2004)

DRAFT (30/8/04) United Nations S/2004/ Security Council Distr.: General 30 August 2004 Original: English Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraphs 6and 13 to 16 of Security Council resolution 1556 (2004) I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to paragraphs 6 and 13 to 16 of Security Council resolution 1556 of 30 July, 2004. In resolution 1556, the Security Council called (...read more...)

7/30/04 - SECURITY COUNCIL DEMANDS SUDAN DISARM MILITIAS IN DARFUR

Security Council 5015th Meeting (AM) SECURITY COUNCIL DEMANDS SUDAN DISARM MILITIAS IN DARFUR, ADOPTING RESOLUTION 1556 (2004) BY VOTE OF 13Ôø‡0Ôø‡2 Requests Report in 30 Days on Progress, With Intention to Take Further Action in Event of Non-Compliance The Security Council today, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, demanded t(...read more...)

7/30/04 - UN Security Council: Sudan must on Darfur in 30 days or face measures

Sudan UN News Centre 30 July 2004 Sudan must act on Darfur in 30 days or face measures, Security Council warns 30 July 2004 Ôø‡ The Security Council today adopted a resolution paving the way for action against Sudan in 30 days if it does not make progress on pledges to disarm the militias accused of indiscriminate murders, rapes and other attacks against civilians in the Darfur region Ôø‡ a move that was welcomed immediately by Secretary-General Kofi Annan.(...read more...)

7/30/04 - UN Security Council : ADOPTING RESOLUTION 1556

Security Council 5015th Meeting (AM) SECURITY COUNCIL DEMANDS SUDAN DISARM MILITIAS IN DARFUR, ADOPTING RESOLUTION 1556 (2004) BY VOTE OF 13Ôø‡0Ôø‡2 Requests Report in 30 Days on Progress, With Intention to Take Further Action in Event of Non-Compliance The Security Council today, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, demanded that(...read more...)

8/26/03 - UN Security Council Resolution 1502

Adopted unanimously by the Security Council at its 4814th meeting, on 26 August 2003 The Security Council, Reiterating its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security and, in this context, the need to promote and ensure respect for the principles and rules of international humanitarian law, Reaffirming its resolutions 1296 (2000), of 19 April 2000, and 1265 (1999), of 17 September 1999, on protection of civilians(...read more...)

2/16/98 - Judgment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

Source Document: http://www.un.org/icty/celebici/jugement/part6.htm UNITED NATIONS Judgment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the case of Delalic et al. (I.T-96-21) "Celebici" 16 November 1998 Part VI. Judgment FOR THE FOREGOING REASONS, having considered all of the evidence and the arguments of the parties, the Statute and the Rules, the TRIAL CHAMBER finds, and imposes sentences, as follows: With respect t(...read more...)

1/1/96 - Genocide: Definition and Controversies

Genocide Convention 1948 The definitional article included in the 1948 convention stipulates: Article II In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life c(...read more...)

1/1/96 - Convention on the Punishment and Prevention of the Crime of Genocide

The Contracting Parties, Having considered the declaration made by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 96 (I) dated 11 December 1946 that genocide is a crime under international law, contrary to the spirit and aims of the United Nations and condemned by the civilized world, Recognizing that at all periods of history genocide has inflicted great losses on humanity, and Being convinced that, in order to liberate mankind from(...read more...)

2/28/07 - Questions & Answers: ICC identifies suspects in first Darfur case

Source: Human Rights Watch, 28 February 2007 On February 27, 2007, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) asked the Pre-Trial chamber to issue summonses to appear for two Sudanese accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur. This is the first case brought before the court in the context of its Darfur investigation. 1)- Why is the p(...read more...)

1/9/07 - "They Came Here to Kill Us"

Source: Human Rights Watch Reports, 9 January 2007 Violent militia attacks in eastern Chad claimed more than 300 lives in late 2006, primarily in the rural southeast, along the Chad-Sudan border. Children were shot and killed, women were raped, and villages were looted and burned, displacing more than 17,000 civilians in November alone. Most attacks were carried out by ethnic militias, and most victims belonged to non-Arab ethnic gr(...read more...)

10/19/06 - EU: Darfur Escalation Demands Sanctions

Source: Human Rights Watch, 19 October 2006 Brussels--European governments must apply targeted sanctions on President Omar El Bashir and other top Sudanese officials responsible for the ongoing military offensive and associated abuses against civilians in Darfur, Human Rights Watch said today. A summit of EU heads of state is scheduled for October 20, 2006 in Finl(...read more...)

6/20/06 - Violence Beyond Borders

Source: Human Rights Watch, June 2006 Summary Since a December 2005 attack by Chadian rebels on AdrÔø‡, a strategically important town in eastern Chad, armed groups have proliferated along the Chad-Sudan border, drawing on support from both countries and exploiting the freedom to move between them to step up their activities. Two of the primary protagonists from the Darfur conflict have been able to establish footholds in eastern Chad: Sudanese Ôø‡Janja(...read more...)

6/3/06 - Sudan: Security Council Must Secure Consent for U.N. Force

Source: Human Rights Watch, 3 June 2006 NEW YORK--The U.N. Security Council must promptly secure SudanÔø‡s consent for a U.N. force in Darfur with a mandate to ensure the protection of civilians, Human Rights Watch said today. A Security Council delegation is scheduled to arrive in Khartoum on June 5 and visit displaced persons camps in Darfur, before continuing to Chad. Sudanese governme(...read more...)

5/8/06 - Darfur: Humanitarian Aid under Siege

Source: Human Rights Watch, 8 May 2006 Summary The Sudanese government and rebel groups in Darfur are hindering humanitarian agencies from reaching hundreds of thousands of civilians dependent on international aid in many areas of Darfur. In recent weeks, the situation has become critical, with the U.N. estimating that at least 650,000 people are partly or wholly inaccessible to international humanitarian agencies. Since late 2005 an upsurge of in(...read more...)

4/21/06 - Ensuring Protection in Darfur: The U.N. Mandate

Source: Human Rights Watch, 21 April 2006 Summary The international response to the systematic killing, rape, displacement, and looting that have characterized the armed conflict in Darfur over the last three years has been consistently too little, too late. The U.N. Security Council has passed several resolutions raising concerns about war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Darfur by the Sudanese government, its security forces and g(...read more...)

2/21/06 - Darfur Bleeds: Recent Cross-Border Violence in Chad

Source: Human Rights Watch, 21 February 2006 The crisis in Darfur, Sudan, which has been trickling into Chad for the better part of three years, is now bleeding freely across the border. A counterinsurgency carried out by the Sudanese government and its militias against rebel groups in Darfur, characterized by war crimes(...read more...)

12/9/05 - Entrenching Impunity: Government Responsibility for International Crimes in Darfur

Source: Human Rights Watch, 9 December 2005 Since July 2003, Sudanese government forces and militia forces, known as "Janjaweed", have committed crimes against humanity and war crimes on a massive scale during counterinsurgency operations in Darfur, Sudan's western region bordering Chad. Civi(...read more...)

6/7/05 - Lack of Conviction: The Special Criminal Court on the Events in Darfur

Executive Summary On June 7, 2005, one day after the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) announced he was opening investigations into the events in Darfur, the Sudanese authorities established the Special Criminal Court on the Events in Darfur (SCCED) to demonstrate the governmentÔø‡s ability to handle prosecutions domestically. The timing of the establishment of the SCCED belies a motivation for the establishment of the Court beyond tha(...read more...)

4/12/05 - Sexual Violence and its Consequences among Displaced Persons in Darfur and Chad

Source: Human Rights Watch, 12 April 2005 Since early 2003, Sudanese government forces and government-backed ethnic militias known as "Janjaweed" have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity and "ethnic cleansing" in the Darfur region of Sudan. They have targeted for abuse civilians belonging to the same ethnic groups as members of two rebel movements, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)(...read more...)

2/1/05 - U.N. Commission of Inquiry on Why Alternatives to the ICC Are Inadvisable for Darfur

Source: Human Rights Watch This excerpt is taken from Section IV of the Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General, dated January 25, 2005. The following paragraphs (573-582) discuss the commissionÔø‡s findings with regard to the inadvisability of mechanisms other than the International Criminal Court (ICC) to bring justice for crimes in Darfur. 573. The Commission considers that the ICC is the (...read more...)

1/1/05 - Targeting the Fur: Mass Killings in Darfur

Since February 2003, Darfur has been the scene of massive crimes against civilians of particular ethnicities in the context of an internal conflict between the Sudanese government and a rebel insurgency. Almost two million people have been forcibly displaced and stripped of all their property and tens of thousands of people have been killed, raped or assaulted.1 Even against this backdrop of e(...read more...)

11/15/04 - "If We Return, We Will Be Killed"

Summary Since February 2003, in the context of a military counter-insurgency campaign against two rebel groups, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) Sudanese government forces and government-backed ethnic militias known as Ôø‡JanjaweedÔø‡ have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity and Ôø‡ethnic cleansingÔø‡ in the Darfur region of Sudan. Government forces and militias have systematically targeted civilian communit(...read more...)

8/1/04 - Abuses In Darfur by Government Forces

Since the beginning of the rebel insurgency in February 2003, and particularly since the escalation of the conflict in mid-2003, the government of Sudan has pursued a military strategy that has violated fundamental principles of international humanitarian and human rights law. It has failed to distinguish between military targets and civilians or comply with the principle of proportionality in the use of force.16 Its strategy deliberately targets the civil(...read more...)

3/1/05 - Darfur Humanitarian Emergency

Darfur Humanitarian Emergency Total FY 2005 USG Humanitarian Assistance for the Darfur Emergency (to date): $344,944,264 Total FY 2003 - 2005 USG Humanitarian Assistance for the Darfur Emergency: $603,389,944 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current Humanitarian Situation USG Humanitarian Assistance On March 27, a USAID/OFDA flig(...read more...)

7/25/06 - LIST of Reports by the CFC

Source: African Union, 24 July 2006 * CVR No 108/05: ALLEGED JANJAWEED/ARMED MILITIA ATTACK ON ABDEL KHAIR VILLAGE ON 09 SEPTEMBRE 2005 * CVR No 107/05: ALLEGED GOS SHOOTING OF CIVILIANS IN TAWILLA MOSQUE ON 09 SEPTEMBER 2005 * CVR No 106/05: ALLEGED TORTURE OF MRS KHALTOUM ON 21 JUIN 05 * CV(...read more...)

7/14/06 - THE NEW DARFUR CEASEFIRE COMMISSION INAUGURATED

Source: African Union, 13 June 2006 The Darfur Ceasefire Commission (CFC) was inaugurated on Tuesday, 13 June 2006, at the Force Headquarters of the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) in El Fasher, Sudan. As set out in the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA), the CFC is the organ responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the ceasefire provisions of the DPA, and other previous agreements between the Sudanese parties. The ceremony wa(...read more...)

6/13/06 - THE NEW DARFUR CEASEFIRE COMMISSION INAUGURATED

Source: African Union, 13 June 2006 The Darfur Ceasefire Commission (CFC) was inaugurated on Tuesday, 13 June 2006, at the Force Headquarters of the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) in El Fasher, Sudan. As set out in the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA), the CFC is the organ responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the ceasefire provisions of the DPA, and other previous agreements between the Sudanese parties. The ceremony wa(...read more...)

6/12/06 - JOINT COMMUNIQUE, Khartoum: UN and AU

Source: African Union, 12 June 2006 KHARTOUM--The joint UN-AU Technical Assessment Mission, led by the United Nations Under-Secretary- General for Peacekeeping Operations, Jean-Marie Guehenno, and the African Union Commissioner for Peace and Security, SaÔø‡d Djinnit, has completed the first stage of its visit to Sudan. The purpose of the mission is twofold: to assess what needs to be done to strengthen the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) to(...read more...)

6/8/06 - Declaration of Commitment to the Darfur Peace Agreement

DECLARATION OF COMMITMENT TO THE DARFUR PEACE AGREEMENT HAVING PARTICIPATED in the negotiations which led to the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) signed by the Government of the Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (Minni Minawi), on 5th May 2006 and/or in our capacity as field commanders and responsible officers of the Darfur Movements; RECOGNISING the commitments of our Movements under the following Agreements which form an integral part (...read more...)

6/8/06 - African Union receives important Leaders of Darfur Movement

Source: African Union, 8 June 2006 ADDIS ABABA--The Commissioner for Peace and Security, Ambassador Said Djinnit, and Ambassador Baba Gana Kingibe, Special Representative of the AU for the Sudan, today received important leaders of the Darfur Movements, Dr. Abdel Rahman Musa Abbaker (chief negotiator for the SLM/A Abdul Wahid), Engineer Ibrahim Madibo (chief negotiator for the SLM/A Abdul Wahid for power-sharing), Ustaz Abdel Raheem Adam Abdel Rahee(...read more...)

6/1/06 - Statement by the Chairperson of the AU Commission on the DPA

Source: African Union, 1 June 2006 The Chairperson of the AU Commission, Alpha Oumar Konare, recalls that, at its meeting of 15 May 2006, the AU Peace and Security Council (PSC), in reviewing the status of the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) signed in Abuja on 5 May 2006, had, among other things, urg(...read more...)

5/15/06 - Report: Status of the Implementation of Security Council Decision on Darfur

PEACE AND SECURITY COUNCIL 51ST MEETING 15 MAY 2006 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA PSC/MIN/2(LI) Original: English REPORT OF THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PEACE AND SECURITY COUNCIL DECISION OF 10 MARCH 2006 ON THE SITUATION IN DARFUR AND THE CONCLUSION OF THE ABUJA PEACE TALKS I. INTRODUCTION 1. At its 46th meeting held on 10 March 2006, Council considered the situation in D(...read more...)

4/28/06 - Communique on the Inter-Sudanese Peace Talks on the Conflict in Darfur

PEACE AND SECURITY COUNCIL 50TH MEETING 28 APRIL 2006 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA COMMUNIQUE ON THE INTER-SUDANESE PEACE TALKS ON THE CONFLICT IN DARFUR The Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the African Union (AU), at its 50th meeting held on 28 April 2006, considered the latest developments in the Inter- Sudanese Peace Talks on the Conflict in Darfur, currently taking place in Abuja, Nigeria, and adopted the following decisio(...read more...)

3/15/06 - African Union Decision on Darfur Mission Fails

Slashed humanitarian access and funding will produce massive near-term mortality Eric Reeves No voice has been more honest or courageous throughout the Darfur catastrophe than that of Jan Egeland, head of UN humanitarian operations. It is only appropriate, then, that our understanding of ongoing genocidal destruction in western Sudan and eastern Chad be framed by Egeland's assertion that this is the "test case for the world for having no more Rwanda(...read more...)

12/31/05 - DECISION ON THE SITUATION IN THE DARFUR REGION OF THE SUDAN

ASSEMBLY OF THE AFRICAN UNION Fourth Ordinary Session 30 Ôø‡ 31 January, 2005 Abuja, NIGERIA Assembly/AU/Dec.68 (IV) The Assembly: 1. CONDEMNS in the strongest possible terms the continuing violations of the Ceasefire Agreement in Darfur by all the Parties and attacks perpetrated on the civilian populations. The Assembly URGES the parties to put an immediate end to these acts and to strictly adhere to their commitment to desist from any at(...read more...)

7/6/05 - African Union Decision on Darfur

ASSEMBLY OF THE AFRICAN UNION Third Ordinary Session 6 ’Äì 8 July 2004 Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA DECISION ON DARFUR The Assembly: 1. REITERATES its serious concern over the prevailing situation in the Darfur Region of The Sudan, particularly the Humanitarian crisis and the continued reports of violations of human rights, including attacks against civilians committed by the Janjaweed militia and other non regular armed groups, and reiterates the nee(...read more...)

9/26/06 - Shays Works for Ending Violence in Darfur

For Immediate Release September 26, 2006 Shays Works for Ending Violence in Darfur Washington, D.C. Ôø‡ Congressman Christopher Shays (R-CT) this week took steps to help improve the security situation in Darfur, voting for three separate pieces of legislation to address the situation in the Sudan. As Chairman of the Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats and International Relations, Shays visited Darfur in August with Save the C(...read more...)

6/12/06 - America: Helping the Poor of Sudan

U . S . D E P A R T M E N T O F S T A T E Ôø‡ B U R E A U O F P U B L I C A F F A I R S Ôø‡ W W W . S T A T E . G O V 12 June 2006 Sudan is one of the highest foreign policy priorities for President Bush and his administration. We are seeing progress in Southern Sudan through the North-South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the first steps toward a resolution to the humanitarian crisis in Darfur with the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA). The(...read more...)

7/21/05 - Darfur Peace & Accountability Act of 2005

A bill to promote peace and accountability in Sudan, and for other purposes. Passed Senate This bill has been passed in the Senate. The bill now goes on to be voted on in the House. Jul 21, 2005 The following summary is provided by the Congressional Research Service, which is a government entity that serves Congress and is run by the Li(...read more...)

4/17/05 - Darfur Genocide Accountability Act of 2005

109th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 1424 To impose sanctions against perpetrators of crimes against humanity and genocide in Darfur, Sudan, and for other purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 17, 2005 Mr. PAYNE (for himself, Mr. TANCREDO, Mr. MEEKS of New York, Ms. LEE, Mr. CAPUANO, Mr. CONYERS, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. PITTS, Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, and Mr. RUSH) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Internat(...read more...)

5/6/04 - Testimony of Darfur Peace and Development Org, before the US congress

Committee on International Relations U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20515-0128 Omer G. Ismail Program Director, Darfur Peace and Development May 6, 2004:’ÄùEthnic Cleansing In Darfur’Äù House Committee on International Relations In the wake of the tenth anniversary of the genocide in Rwanda, the world that had said "never again" several times in the past, has come face to face with another human catastrophe. The present crisis in(...read more...)

5/6/04 - Opening Remarks of Chairman Henry J. Hyde before the Full Committee on "The Crisis in Darfur: A New Front in Sudan´s Bloody War"

Opening Remarks of Chairman Henry J. Hyde before the Full Committee on "The Crisis in Darfur: A New Front in Sudan´s Bloody War" Thursday, May 6, 2004 2172 Rayburn House Office Building The Committee will come to order. On April 7, 2004, the world commemorated the tenth anniversary of one of the darkest chapters in the 20th Century: the Rwandan genocide. World leaders gathered in Kigali, expressed their regret for not having done more to prevent(...read more...)

5/6/04 - Roger Winter Assistant Administrator Bureau for Democracy

Roger Winter Assistant Administrator Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance U.S. Agency for International Development before the Committee on International Relations U.S. House of Representatives May 6, 2004 "Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur: A New Front Opens in Sudan´s Bloody War" Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, thank you for inviting me to testify today. Over the years, this Committee has shown great interest in(...read more...)

5/6/04 - Statement of the Honorable Dan Burton - House International Relations Committee

Statement of the Honorable Dan Burton House International Relations Committee Hearing on the Crisis in Darfur: A New Front in Sudanÿås Bloody War Thursday, MAY 6, 2004 Mr. Chairman, I join with my colleagues today to draw urgent attention to one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world today: Sudan. I want to condemn the Sudanese governmentÿås failure to stop the Janjaweed-armed Arab militias from a rampage of violence they have conducted for mo(...read more...)

5/6/04 - John Prendergast - Special Advisor to the President of the International Crisis Group

"Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur: A New Front Opens in Sudan's Bloody War" House Committee on International Relations Thank you, Mr Chairman, for the invitation to testify at this hearing, and for the Committee's unflagging interest in the multi-faceted crisis in Sudan. My first opportunity to testify to a Congressional committee occurred nearly fifteen years ago, when I spoke of a government in Khartoum that was using ethnic-based militias to und(...read more...)

5/6/04 - Statement of The Honorable Edward Royce - Chairman, Subcommittee on Africa at Full Committee Hearing

"The Crisis in Darfur: A New Front in Sudan's Bloody War" The killing in western Sudan demands the worldÿås attention. Thank you for calling this hearing, and mark-up of H. Con. Res. 403, which condemns Sudan's government for attacks against civilians in the Darfur region. The numbers are grim. The Government's scorched earth policies have killed tens of thousands, and displaced a million people, many forced into Chad. Hundreds of villages have been (...read more...)

5/6/04 - Bob Laprade Director of the Children in Emergencies and Crisis Unit of Save the Children

Mr. Chairman, thank you for providing Save the Children the opportunity to testify before your committee and for your leadership in bringing us together to discuss the plight of the peoples in Darfur. Save the Children has been working in Sudan since 1984. Save the Childrenÿås current programs in Sudan include the provision of humanitarian response and capacity enhancement for disaster affected populations. Save the Children (...read more...)